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Arthrosis

The surfaces of the bones that form the joint are covered with a special hyaline cartilage - and offer the lowest frictional power during the motor skills of articular surfaces.If arthrosis is diagnosed, this means that the cartilage is in the process of destruction.

Progress applies to the bones and then to the common capsule.The disease has a universal code according to ICD 10 m15 m19 and expects it to the class of pathologies of the bone muscle and connective tissue.

According to medical statistics, 12% of the world's population suffer from osteoarthritis, most of which are older people from 65.However, every year there is an alarming trend to increase the number of sick young people.The diagnosis is not fatal, but osteoarthritis is insidious with its relapses and the risk of complete disability.

The mechanism of occurrence

The disease gradually develops, four stages can be distinguished to a limited extent:

  1. Initially, an area appears in the cartilage area that is poorly with blood or damaged.Gradually, the region is not restored in the presence of traumatic factors, but on the contrary grows.
  2. The body that tries to restore the destructive cartilage replaces the damaged areas with a mineralized fabric that has no clear structure.Such a fabric is generally with an inferior replacement for the smooth, gliding and elastic hyalink cartilage.
  3. Gradually the surface of the cartilage becomes scars and bone growth - osteophytes.
  4. Healthy areas from the load increased several times, carrying the entire cartilage into a large scar very quickly and consequently.

If the pathological process is not stopped, the joint is subjected to the following disadvantageous changes:

  • Bones are involved in the process of destruction;
  • The synovial bowl is inflamed;
  • The joint capsule becomes denser and loses its elasticity;
  • The lumen of the common gap quickly decreases;
  • Bones, without the friction, are deformed like the entire joint;
  • The joints of the joint are reborn, which means that there is a complete loss of movement.

Types of osteoarthritis

Normal joint and osteoarthritis

This disease affects absolutely all articular areas!At the same time, despite the same mechanism of pathology, it is divided into different types.

Depending on which joints are sick, they differentiate:

  • Osteoarthritis of the knee joint or patellof moral arthrosis (abbreviated gonar rose);
  • Osteoarthritis of the hip joint (abbreviated coxarthrosis);
  • Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint;
  • interfalized osteoarthritis;
  • Osteoarthritis of the ankle joint;
  • Osteoarthritis of the hands;
  • Cervical arthrosis;
  • Pine arthrosis;
  • Arthrosis of the BUSENEPHALANX joint;
  • Iliac arthrosis;
  • Keyboard acrocomial arthrosis;
  • temporal arthrosis;
  • Osteoarthritis of the heel;
  • Vaulted osteoarthritis that affects the Arc processes of the vertebrae (abbreviated spondylarthrosis);
  • Osteoarthritis of the facet joint of the spine;
  • Unkoveveral arthrosis;
  • Rib production osteoarthritis;
  • Taran-plastic osteoarthritis.

According to the details of the pathological process in the cartilage tissue, they differentiate:

  • Deforming arthrosis is the name of the disease that merges into the terminal (final) stage.
  • Arthrosoarthritis - The presence of the classic inflammatory process is characteristic;
  • chronic;
  • Acute arthrosis.

For the reasons for the occurrence of the pathology, they differentiate:

  • dystrophic osteoarthritis of the joints associated with a critical metabolic disorder;
  • Fracture arthrosis is caused by appropriate injuries;
  • Post -Traumatic osteoarthritis.

There is a different classification - by whether the disease is independent or is caused by provocative factors:

  • Primarily, - is created on a completely healthy cartilage, a different name - idiopathic osteoarthritis, or appears with age -related senile changes;
  • Secondary, - caused for many reasons.

Symptoms of arthrosis

There are more typical signs of osteoarthritis of all locations that distinguish depending on the development of the pathology in their severity:

  • Pain, pain, intensify with high humidity and hypothermia;
  • Acceptance of joint mobility;
  • Crispy, creaking and crossing noises in the movements of the articular surfaces;
  • External changes in the outline of the joint;
  • Swelling and swelling;
  • Reddening of the skin.

pain

The very initial signs of violations make themselves through weak or moderate, short -term pain that almost never occur at night, but usually only appears with a load on the joint surface.

When inflammatory processes moved into his last phase, the patient feels unbearable and "gnawed" pain due to blood stagnation and increasing pressure in the joint bag.The pain is characterized by a long duration, at any time of the day and regardless of whether the affected area is in the rest or in motion.

Sowing of the joint

This symptom is characteristic of a rather neglected disease.At the same time, in the early stages, the patient still feels complaints in the morning after he woke up when she moves in the form of a feeling of restrictions.

With the progress of destructive reactions, the patient notices:

  • Restriction of the amplitude of the usual movements;
  • the inability to change the position of the limbs in peace, and even attempts to prevent the joint manually;
  • Strong fixation (contract intake) in a certain position of the joint, which was in a state of lack of motor activity for a long time.

In the end, in the fourth phase of the pathology, the anchilosis in the form of replacing joint fabrics is formed by scars with a complete loss of functionality.

Noises in the joint

A crispiness can be accompanied by a functional disorder of bones and cartilage, which is not only caused by arthrosis.

However, this disease is characteristic and sounds:

  • it only arises in the joint that hurts;
  • Accompanied by difficulties of movement;
  • It has the ability to intensify with the progress of the pathology and falls on the formation of ancilosis.

Change the appearance of the joint

Striking changes occur in the later stages.The axis of the affected limb is so curved and the joint region itself is disfigured - it grows in size, the shape is ugly modified.

All of this indicates an irreversible destruction of the joint, of which a new fabric was not formed within which a new substance has not been formed and has no specific structure.

If such a pathogenic process has arisen in the knee, this means that the load and the mirror bonds increase the load on the joints of the ankle, which also damages it over time.

The causes of osteoarthritis

Pathology can occur in a single joint and in several.This disease appears the least at a young age - vitality is still enough to hire the body itself.

Nevertheless, the causes of influence are in their direction for all age groups: there is:

  • Internal - some diseases, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, etc.;
  • External, - injuries, a professional factor.

Internal causes provoke a negative change in common factors in the form of joint inflammation.Differentiate between inflammation of different origins:

  • infectious (intestinal rod and wand of cook, viruses, chlamydia, staphylococci, pale treponema etc.);
  • Rheumatism;
  • purulent arthritis;
  • Autoimmun nature;
  • Gout;
  • Psoriasis.

In addition, the causes of internal exposure include innate or acquired violations of the structure of cartilage tissue and malnutrition, which with:

  • genetic malfunctions and mutations;
  • Intrauterine development anomalies, including perinatal injuries;
  • Age;
  • Osteoporosis, d.H. "leaching" from the bone tissue of the components of the elements;
  • Hormonal disorders and overload, including menopause;
  • Violations of normal metabolism;
  • Disadvantage in the diet of vitamins and trace elements;
  • Diseases that attract muscle weakness;
  • Internal longer poisoning.

The deterioration of many diseases of the musculoskeletal system also means cartilage regeneration.

External causes of the development of the disease are factors that damage the joint such as:

  • Frequent hypothermia;
  • Transfer;
  • Strong blows;
  • Fractures;
  • Meniscinjections;
  • Strong physical activity (for example weight lifting);
  • professional sport;
  • Surgical intervention.

Degree of arthrosis

After the clinical manifestations and the progression of the disease, four arthrosis stadiums are differentiated:

  1. Osteoarthritis of the 1st degree is the initial stage of osteoarthritis, which is characterized by hidden symptoms in the form of negative changes in the composition of the synovial fluid and the weakening of the muscle fibers if it appears, then only with physical exertion;
  2. Arthrosis of the 2nd degree is already a feeling of pain due to the destructive joint of the bones and the formation of osteophytes, reflex-neurotrophic regulation is disturbed and an audible crunch appears;
  3. The osteoarthritis of the 3rd degree is shortened by significant degenerative changes in the joint, its visible deformation with the curvature of the axis of the limb and the joint pathological mobile;
  4. The osteoarthritis of the 4th degree is the complete ancyless, complete contract and severe pain, even at peace.

All four phases go uneven

Treatment of osteoarthritis

Clinically proven that treatment and prevention in the form of provocative factors of hyaline cartilage damage, although they do not eliminate the disease in the initial stages, but stop the development and restore the functionality of the joint.

Basically, the disease is treated with a low and moderate severity with conservative methods.In the event of severe destruction of the cartilage, which included the destruction of the bones, the surgical endoprosthetics are given.

In addition, the basic principle is in treatment:

  • A comprehensive approach that implies the use of several therapeutic methods;
  • Guaranteed that the concentration of efforts to remove the disease that causes the disease and consequences.

Treatment with folk remedies

It is treated comprehensively, but at home you can also use the healing recipes of the healers of the people who offer effective treatment of health problems by herbs and beekeeping.

Use of plants:

  • Laurel leaf in the form of decocements, tinctures on vodka and specially manufactured oil that is used externally directly into the area of inflammation;
  • The treatment of osteoarthritis with honey has established itself as a reliable local potion in the form of a rubber, removing inflammation and nourishes the skin, muscles and cartilage.
  • Kohlblatt - better than white cabbage - it is a little torn and you wrap it with a painful point, isolated with a woolen and hold all night.
  • Aloe juice in the form of compresses and rubbing into the skin;

Also helps with osteoarthritis arthrosis knee: The sheet is bound to the painful point that is isolated for the whole night.

Preparations for osteoarthritis

The drug treatment in connection with the classic therapy method is divided into the medication depending on the form of dosage used:

  • External use in the form of ointments for osteoarthritis, rubbing, lotions;
  • Injections;
  • Pills for arthrosis;
  • Capsules.

Anoint

The pharmacological industry produces medical ointments based on natural, highly active components:

  • VISHENVSKY ointment;
  • Heparin ointment.

The Vestaren tool with 1% diclofenac helps well: Voltaren in the form of gel is applied to the skin.

Injections

The injections not only intravenously and intramuscular, but also directly into the damage area, for example the medicinal products of the non -steroid group, have proven themselves very well in the treatment.

Intra -articular injections are therefore introduced into damaged joint tissue:

  • Glucocorticoids that improve the nutrition of cartilage tissue, relieve inflammation and increase elasticity - diprospan, hydrocortisone, etc.
  • Chondroprotectors and analogues of intra -articular liquid, - singial, carbon;
  • Hyaluronic acid as lubricant and analgesic.

Preparations in the form of tablets and capsules

The so -called chondroprotectors for osteoarthritis, which contain structural elements of the hyalink norpel, are in medical therapy and thus restored.

These drugs are produced in the form of tablets and capsules, which are intended for oral administration by the stomach intestine tract (oral).In addition, patients are prescribed NAIDS anti -inflammatory drugs for arthrosis of the non -steroid group, who stop acute pain and relieve deterioration.

Anesthesia is also used in the form of a novocaine blockade.

Additionally prescribed complex vitamins for osteoarthritis.

Medical bile is recommended from natural drugs of the local action, used in the form of compresses to the skin.

Exercises for arthrosis

Special exercises and therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy), the complex of which gives the unhealthy part of the body economically, have proven themselves.

Dr.Bubnovsky and Evdokimenko developed their own complexes of therapeutic exercises.

Massage with osteoarthritis

Treatment and medical massage have a very advantageous influence, which improves the microcirculation and nutrition of deep tissues.

Diet with osteoarthritis

In this state, it is important to adhere to the right rational nutrition in order to easily improve the patient's condition.Recommended abstinence through excessive food, exclusion of animal fats and fried foods.

Which doctor first treats arthrosv, with complaints about pain in the joints of the bones, should go to the therapist.It was he who summarized the patient's history and asked him in detail, a transfer to the desired tight specialists.

Depending on the cause of the disease and its kind, doctors of profiles can be as follows:

  • Orthopedist;
  • Traumatologist;
  • Surgeon;
  • Rheumatologist.